ES 索引库 CRUD

一、创建索引

空索引

PUT /products
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  }
}

带 Mapping 创建

PUT /products
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name":  { "type": "text", "analyzer": "ik_max_word" },
      "price": { "type": "double" },
      "stock": { "type": "integer" }
    }
  }
}

响应：{ "acknowledged": true, "shards_acknowledged": true }

带别名创建

PUT /products_v1
{
  "aliases": { "products": {} }
}

之后搜索 products 等同搜索 products_v1。

---

二、查看索引

// 查看所有索引（表格形式）
GET /_cat/indices?v

// 查看指定索引
GET /products

// 查看 Settings
GET /products/_settings

// 查看 Mapping
GET /products/_mapping

// 查看指定字段的 Mapping
GET /products/_mapping/field/name

// 查看统计信息（文档数、存储大小等）
GET /products/_stats

判断是否存在

HEAD /products

返回 200 = 存在，404 = 不存在。

---

三、修改索引

修改 Settings（仅动态参数可改）

PUT /products/_settings
{
  "index": {
    "number_of_replicas": 2,
    "refresh_interval": "30s",
    "max_result_window": 20000
  }
}

可动态修改的参数：

参数	说明
number_of_replicas	副本数
refresh_interval	刷新间隔
max_result_window	最大分页深度（from + size 上限）

修改 Mapping（仅可追加字段）

已存在的字段类型不可修改，只能追加新字段：

PUT /products/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "description": { "type": "text" },
    "tags":        { "type": "keyword" }
  }
}

Reindex（重建索引修改字段类型）

如需修改已有字段类型，只能通过 Reindex：

// 1. 创建新索引（正确的 Mapping）
PUT /products_v2
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "price": { "type": "scaled_float", "scaling_factor": 100 }
    }
  }
}

// 2. 迁移数据
POST /_reindex
{
  "source": { "index": "products" },
  "dest":   { "index": "products_v2" }
}

// 3. 切换别名
POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    { "remove": { "index": "products", "alias": "prod_alias" } },
    { "add":    { "index": "products_v2", "alias": "prod_alias" } }
  ]
}

// 4. 删除旧索引
DELETE /products

---

四、删除索引

DELETE /products           // 单个
DELETE /products,orders    // 多个
DELETE /log-2024-*         // 通配符

---

五、索引别名

别名指向一个或多个索引，切换索引对应用透明。

// 添加别名
POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    { "add": { "index": "products", "alias": "product_search" } }
  ]
}

// 原子切换别名
POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    { "remove": { "index": "products_v1", "alias": "product_search" } },
    { "add":    { "index": "products_v2", "alias": "product_search" } }
  ]
}

// 查看别名指向的索引
GET /_alias/product_search

// 查看某个索引的别名
GET /products/_alias

---

六、Index Template（索引模板）

PUT /_index_template/product_template
{
  "index_patterns": ["products-*"],
  "template": {
    "settings": {
      "number_of_shards": 3,
      "number_of_replicas": 1
    },
    "mappings": {
      "properties": {
        "id":   { "type": "long" },
        "name": { "type": "text" }
      }
    }
  },
  "priority": 100
}

// 创建匹配模板的索引，自动应用 Settings 和 Mapping
PUT /products-2024

---

索引操作速查

操作	请求	URL
创建	PUT	/{index}
查看全部	GET	/_cat/indices?v
查看详情	GET	/{index}
查看 Mapping	GET	/{index}/_mapping
查看 Settings	GET	/{index}/_settings
判断存在	HEAD	/{index}
修改 Settings	PUT	/{index}/_settings
追加字段	PUT	/{index}/_mapping
Reindex	POST	/_reindex
删除	DELETE	/{index}
别名操作	POST	/_aliases
创建模板	PUT	/_index_template/{name}